Countries
Sudan

Sudan is a State of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a Presidential Republic, held by a military junta. Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir is President since 1989 after a military coup d’état.

The conflict between the northern part of the country, mainly Arab, and the Christian animists in the South is kept alive by the civil war that has been going on for more than 40 years.
The North imposed, during the ‘80s, the Shar’ia, the Koranic law.  Guerrilla fighters are divided in two parties (SLM - Sudanese People’s Liberation Army and JEM-Justice for Equality Movement), that keep on battling to free the south of the country.
Darfur is in Sudan, and is a war zone, where tensions have a historical background (conflicts between Arab nomadic populations and sedentary African populations for primary resources such as land and water).

In 2005 the government of the north and the rebels of the south reached an agreement, that ended, at least on paper, the civil war. However human rights violations of civilians in Darfur, in the northern and southern regions continue. Government has not implemented the reforms as provided in the peace treaty. Both the parties governing in the north and in the south have not carried out the agreements signed, contributing to insecurity and violence.
All parties involved continue to systematically violate international humanitarian law.

Accountability is non existent. In march 2009, the International Criminal Court has issued a warrant of arrest for President Omar al Bashir, the first warrant ever issued by the Court towards a head of state, for presumed war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, committed in Darfur.

The capital punishment has continued to be inflicted and courts sentenced to the death penalty men, women and minors under the age of 18. Security services have imposed strict restrictions to the press and journalists.